Polling methodology

Open online opinion polls collect voluntary, self-selected responses. A response count is not evidence of a representative sample. Results are not election forecasts.

Reporting rules

Only completed, validated submissions are eligible for new reporting. Existing records remain preserved but are not automatically treated as verified findings. Single-choice percentages use the number answering that question. Multiple-choice percentages use respondents answering the question and may total more than 100%.

Privacy and limitations

Small response groups and sensitive free text are withheld from public reporting. Retry identifiers avoid accidental repeat submissions, but cannot establish one person, one response. Device or network controls can be bypassed and shared connections can affect participation.

Research-grade surveys

Draft protocol requiring approval: document target population, recruitment, sampling, fieldwork dates, geography, questionnaire, weighting, exclusions, funding and limitations before describing any survey as representative.